Scripts to Mount/Unmount a Volume: user-contributed-002-mount-unmount-volume.zip (The Cisco kext interferes with Tunnelblick's operation of tun connections.) These scripts unload the Cisco An圜onnect tun kext before a Tunnelblick connection is started, and reload the Cisco tun kext after a Tunnelblick connection is stopped. Scripts to Unload Cisco Tun Kext: user-contributed-001-pre-post.zip Note: these scripts are executed as root. (Actually, everyone using a VPN should read that!) To contribute a download, send it to the developers or post it on the Tunnelblick Discussion Group.īefore using these scripts, please read Tunnelblick and VPNs: Privacy and Security. They are not endorsed or checked by the Tunnelblick project, and you use them at your own risk. These downloads have been contributed by users and usually help deal with special circumstances. Gpg: Good signature from "Tunnelblick Security " Gpg: Signature made Sat Dec 16 19:17:03 2017 EST The result should be similar to the following: Gpg -verify path-to-the-signature-file path-to-the-disk-image-file To verify the signature of a file, download the corresponding signature file and then type the following into /Applications/Utilities/Terminal: Gpg -import TunnelblickSecurityPublicKey.asc. To prepare for verifying signatures, you should download and install GnuPG 2.2.3 or higher, and then add the Tunnelblick Security GnuPG public key (key ID 6BB9367E, fingerprint 76DF 975A 1C56 4277 4FB0 9868 FF5F D80E 6BB9 367E) to your trusted GnuPG keyring by typing the following into /Applications/Utilities/Terminal: Recent Tunnelblick disk images are also signed with GnuPG version 2. So you would type ' shasum -a 256 ' - with a space after the "256" - and then drag/drop the disk image file anywhere in the Terminal window.)įor additional assurance that the hashes displayed on this site have not been compromised, the hashes are also available in the description of each "Release" on Tunnelblick's GitHub site, which is hosted and administered separately from this site. The pointer will turn into a green and white plus sign ("+") to indicate the path will be dropped. An easy way to get it into Terminal is to drag/drop the file anywhere in the Terminal window. (Don't type ' path-to-the-file' - type the path to the file, that is, the sequence of folders that contain the file plus the file name (e.g. Then compare the computed hashes with the values shown near the link for the downloaded file. To compute the hashes of a file you've downloaded, type the following into /Applications/Utilities/Terminal: You can compare the hashes with programs included with macOS without the need to install additional software. dmg format, and the application's macOS digital signature provide some protection, they can be circumvented.Ĭomparing the SHA256, SHA1, and MD5 hashes of your downloaded file with the official published ones will provide additional assurance that the download is legitimate and has not been modified. Tunnelblick Uninstaller 1.12 (build 5090, macOS and OS X 10.7.5+, Intel-64 only, works on M1 using Rosetta) released Release Notes Please read Uninstalling Tunnelblick before using Tunnelblick Uninstaller. The Tunnelblick Uninstaller has been replaced by an "Uninstall" button on the "Utilities" panel of Tunnelblick's "VPN Details" window as of Tunnelblick 3.8.5beta02. Includes versions for earlier versions of macOS and OS X. Tunnelblick 3.8.8a (build 5776, macOS 10.10+, Universal, notarized) released Release Notes Tunnelblick 4.0.0beta05 (build 5850, macOS 10.10+, Universal, notarized) released Release Notes We just supply open technology for fast, easy, private, and secure control of VPNs. There are no ads, no affiliate marketers, no tracking - we don't even keep logs of your IP address or other information. See Stable vs. Beta for details.Īs a Free Software project, Tunnelblick puts its users first. To be notified of new releases, use Tunnelblick's built-in update mechanism or subscribe to the Tunnelblick Announce Mailing List.īeta versions are suitable for many users. Downloading and Installing on macOS Mojave and Higher
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It is a celebration of polyphony, diversity and interrelatedness which make us Indian and human. While the original has words in English, the English version has many words in Hindi, too. Daisy Rockwell has recreated it with finesse and great aplomb. The book in English retains the authentic Indian sensibility of the Hindi original. Persons, events and things from history, literature, politics, and society appear, talk, and mingle and create a new reality. But it tells the truth that a “border does not enclose, but opens out”. It is about identity and belonging, and about borders and boundaries between nations, between languages, and between the real and the unreal. It is at the same time tragic, serious, playful, exuberant, sincere and original.Īt the awards ceremony, Tomb of Sand was described as representing the binaries of “youth and age, male and female, family and nation” which make it “a kaleidoscopic whole” and “a novel of India”. This is a great addition to it, but it cannot be categorised as a Partition story. There is much Partition literature in both India and Pakistan, with all kinds of human stories. Her journey makes her understand better what it means to be a mother, a daughter, a woman, and a feminist, and gives the reader insights into how individuals live various roles in both normal and exceptional times. She crosses the border without a visa because she came that way. It is the story of an 80-year-old woman who, after the death of her husband, sinks into depression and then travels to Pakistan to re-live her experiences and trauma as a teenager there during Partition. It says once you have got women and a border, a story can write itself as women are stories in themselves. Tomb of Sand opens with the statement that this particular tale has a national border and women who come and go as they please. It also reveals the potential of all languages to be vehicles of creative vitality at the international level. The award of the International Prize is a recognition of Geetanjali Shree as a writer and an acknowledgement of the fine literary traditions of Hindi. It is different from the Man Booker Prize, which is awarded to a work written in English, and has been won in the past by Indians. The English Patient by Michael Ondaatje (Bloomsbury) has been crowned the best work of fiction from the last five decades of the Man Booker Prize, it was. The International Booker Prize is awarded to a book which is translated into English and published in the UK or Ireland. Damon Galgut Wins Booker Prize for ‘The Promise’ The novelist, shortlisted for two of his previous books, received one of the world’s most prestigious literary awards for his cutting depiction of. It is the first literary work in Hindi or any Indian language to be chosen for the honour. The award of the International Booker Prize to Geetanjali Shree’s Hindi novel Tomb of Sand, translated by Daisy Rockwell, is at the same time a recognition and a revelation. There are apps that alert us of new podcast episodes, and utilities to connect the Mac with iOS devices through Growl and push notifications. The notification system Apple built with iPhone OS 1.0 couldn’t keep up with the evolution of apps and the data streams created by developers over time – these days, we have apps that send us notifications for new tweets and text messages – fairly average alerts you might argue – but we have notifications for missed video call invitations and breaking news, too. A mobile OS should keep notifications accessible and contextual, not invisible and disconnected. Notifications should alert, not interrupt. They are multiple boxes to dismiss one after the other. If you unlock your iPhone after a few hours and you have multiple notifications, they’re not “grouped”. You can’t get a list of “past notifications”. You can’t save a pre-iOS 5 notification “for later”. Which, by the way, forces you to immediately confirm an action that’s usually only given “OK” and “Cancel” options. The app you were previously interacting with, in fact, “stops working” the moment you receive a modal notification. On mobile devices, being interrupted by a notification is annoying because you can’t look away and ignore it. Plus, iOS is not the Mac and, if anything, OS X had to learn a few things from its little iPad brother with Lion. But on the Mac, alerts and dialog boxes aren’t really push notifications, and they’re easily dismissible or ignorable. This happens on the Mac every day: dialog boxes ask us to confirm file deletion, mounted DMGs – they even inform us of upcoming Calendar events. Apple was actually pretty proud of the modal nature of notifications – a dialog box would pop up on screen without covering the main view (an app, the Springboard), thus allowing the user to keep seeing what was going behind the alert. The old notifications were modal and disruptive. So Apple came to the point where notifications needed to change. The old notifications were built for a different set of apps.Īs the App Store changed and, ultimately, led Apple’s growth in the mobile app ecosystem, the notification system built by Apple in 2007 with the original iPhone started to not only show the proverbial signs of time, but to annoy users as well. And by “became” I mean that they began to show their utter nature of a system built for non-connected applications as soon as the App Store turned into a platform for the always-on individual who’s constantly connected, even when he plays Angry Birds or is eating a new meal at a restaurant a friend suggested. Criticized both by the tech press and average users alike, the old notifications had, really, one main problem: they became annoying with time. Looking at Notification Center now – and playing with it for at least a day – it’s clear the system is indisputably better than what we used to have on our devices in the pre-iOS 5 era. There is no doubt Notification Center is among the most anticipated new functionalities to land on iOS, but before we delve deeper into its advantages over the old notification system of iOS 4.x and its (very few) shortcomings, here’s a bit of background history that should better put Notification Center into context. This will launch the system preference where you can find the “Screensaver” option.Notification Center is one of the key features of iOS 5, one that will profoundly change the way iPhone and iPad users approach the incoming stream of data and notifications on mobile devices. The installation of the app is simple – which involves of extracting the zip file and running it. The screensaver created using the TwitterTicker will also display media content previews such as photos and video still previews, but not the links to images uploaded to Instagram. The tweets are displayed in a beautiful readable format, where the hash tags are displayed brighter than the rest of the text and links are with less opacity. The app comes with various configuration options, where you can specify how many recent tweets should be shown and how long each tweet should stay on the screen. The app hides the complexities of streaming your Twitter timeline and displays it in the form of a beautiful screensaver. TwitterTicker, an application for Mac OS that creates a screen saver using your Twitter feed. This is for those who want to get rid of the default screen savers and replace it with feeds of their Twitter timeline. Select Time Remaining or Meeting Duration.Next to the timer, click the down arrow icon. If you want to switch to a different timer, you can do this easily during the meeting or webinar. If you start a scheduled meeting, the meeting timer will default to the Time Remaining timer, which shows how much time is left of the scheduled duration. Next, you can add an input inside of vMix with a desktop capture. All you need to do is enable the external output button and then select vMix as your webcam in Zoom. The clock shows a different value for each meeting participant, depending on when they joined. Sending your video from vMix into Zoom is probably the easiest part of this setup. If you start an unscheduled, instant meeting, the meeting timer will default to the Duration timer, which shows how much time has elapsed since you joined the meeting. Note: On versions lower than 5.13.0, this setting is named Show my meeting duration.Īfter this setting is enabled, each time you start or join a meeting or webinar, the timers will appear in the upper right corner of the meeting display, unless you are sharing your screen, in which case the timers appear below the share screen controls. On the General tab, check the Show meeting timers option.Click your profile picture and then click Settings.Instant meetings are also not supported, as they are not scheduled and thus have no associated duration.This includes your Personal Meeting Room, which is similar to a no-fixed time meeting. And so, without further delay, fire up zoom, hit that share screen button and use one of these ten web-based timers for your next remote event: The Egg Timer This very basic timer has half a dozen variations of how your timer can look from standard to retro to ugly (and, wow, it’s ugly) to a sunset visualization that I find very soothing. The Time Remaining timer does not support no-fixed-time recurring meetings, as these sessions have no scheduled duration.*Note: Support for recurring meetings (except for no-fixed-time recurring meetings) requires 5.13.7 or higher. Zoom mobile app for Android or iOS: Global minimum version or higher.Zoom desktop client for Windows, macOS, or Linux: Global minimum version or higher.Prerequisites for meeting timers Meeting Duration timer Limitations of the time remaining timer.The Meeting Duration timer shows how much elapsed since you joined the meeting, while the Time Remaining timer shows how much time remains, based on the meeting's scheduled duration. To avoid meetings going over the scheduled time, you have an option to display timers in your meeting or webinar. Saving videos from websites other tools don’t support.You can also navigate easily to the specific part of a video you want in order to download the clip you need and grab a video from a website. For instance, if the video is behind a login section, but with Screen Capture, it’s easy to get these videos. There are a lot of video links that won’t work on some of the other sites. Simply start your recording and allow the video to play, you will capture it in HD and be able to download the end result. Do let us know if you have any queries.Screen Capture is an amazing way to grab free videos online, and it can use a variety of different methods and sources for the video. Hope you like these two approaches of Advance video scraping. It can be installed in ubuntu using: sudo apt install ffmpegĪfter installing FFmpeg we can easily download the video using the below command:įfmpeg -i -c copy -bsf:a aac_adtstoasc output.mp4 The m3u8 URL can also be downloaded as a. Once you get the streaming URL it can be played in the VLC media player using the stream option. If 'm3u8' in network_log or '.mp4' in network_log: Perform the following steps to install all the required packages: pip install seleniumīelow is the sample code for getting streaming URL (.m3u8) using selenium and network logs: from selenium import webdriverįrom _capabilities import DesiredCapabilitiesįrom import Serviceįrom webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManagerįrom import Byĭesired_capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.CHROMEĭesired_capabilities = ')ĭriver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()),ĭesired_capabilities=desired_capabilities)ĭriver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, 10000)") We can extract the network and performance logs using selenium with some advanced options. Each line in an M3U8 file typically specifies a single media file, along with its title and length, or a reference to another M3U8 file for streaming a playlist of media files. The file typically has the “.m3u8” file extension and begins with a list of one or more media files, followed by a series of attribute information lines. It is commonly used to specify a playlist of audio or video files for streaming over the internet, using a media player that supports the M3U8 format, such as VLC, Apple’s iTunes, and QuickTime. M3U8 is a text file that uses UTF-8-encoded characters to specify the locations of one or more media files. We can use the network and performance logs to find the streaming URLs. Whenever blob format URLs are used in the website and the video is being played, we can access the streaming URL (.m3u8) for that video in the browser’s network tab. Print(get_video_urls(url="")) Selenium Network logs If video.endswith(".mp4") or video.endswith(".mp3") or video.endswith(".mov") or video.endswith(".webm"): Video_url_list = youtube_municate(timeout=15).decode("utf-8").split("\n") "-no-warnings", url], stdout=subprocess.PIPE) The description for these options can be found on the git hub of yt-dlp. We are using additional options like -f, -g, -q, etc. Install YT-dlp module for ubuntu sudo snap install yt-dlpīelow is the simple code for video URL extraction using yt-dlp with the python subprocess. Below are the steps and sample code for using it. We have found a way to extract videos from normal web pages (non-youtube) using some additional options with it. YT-dlp is a very handy module to download youtube videos and also extracts other attributes of youtube videos like titles, descriptions, tags, etc. To overcome the above issue we’ve found two methods that can help to extract the video URL directly: They are often used in conjunction with HTML5 video elements, which allow web developers to embed video content directly into a web page, using a simple tag. These URLs can only be used locally in a single instance of the browser and in the same session.īLOB URLs are typically used to display or play multimedia content, such as videos, directly in a web browser or media player, without the need to download the content to the user’s local device. URL.createObjectURL() will create a special reference to the Blob or File object which later can be released using URL.revokeObjectURL(). However, there are so many websites that use the blob format URLs like src=”blob: We can extract them using selenium bs4 but we can not access them directly because those are generated internally by the browser.īlob URLs can only be generated internally by the browser. If there are URLs like “ as the src then we can directly access those videos. Extracting video, image URLs, and text from the webpage can be done easily with selenium and beautiful soup in python. Militarizing, already had a desire for conflict. It is because, well, there's many things you can cite. We'll see in the next video, is the trigger forĪll of World War I. Herzegovina with Serbia and maybe eventuallyĬroatia, with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. Motivated by a desire to maybe merge Bosnia and What form of state, but it must be free of Austria." So this act, thisĪssassination motivated by a nationalistic movement, Whole Yugoslavian nationalistic movement. Little sense of how this was tied to this Right over here, right after he was arrested. Princip- I believe this is Gavrilo Princip So Franz Ferdinand assassinatedīy Gavrilo Princip. And so he gets assassinatedīy Gavrilo Princip. Of how important this is, Archduke Franz Ferdinand Literally walks up to the car and is able to shoot Archdukeįranz Ferdinand and Sophie. Where he sees Archduke Franz Ferdinand andĪ mistake, they had taken a less safe route. Up, puts his sandwich down, and starts walking over to Remember, hisĪssassination attempt on him earlier in the day. Sudden, that they've taken the wrong route, that Traveling within Sarajevo has them driving right Happening, a mistake on the part of those planningĪrchduke Franz Ferdinand's route as he was Sandwich at a cafe in Sarajevo, thinking about how botched Whole thing was botched, he gives up on the wholeĪssassination attempt. When it gets botched, he tries to bite onĪ cyanide capsule and then jump into a river. There's even one case ofĪ guy, one of the guys who tried to be an assassin They attempt to assassinateĪrchduke Franz Ferdinand. Shady and behind the back, behind the scenes. Many people say- all these things are all very To assassinate them, from a group- they'reĬalled the Young Bosnians. And you have the Archduke Franzįerdinand and his wife, Sophie. Southern Slavic states to this, it could one day turn But now in 1908, it wasįuture Yugoslav, was now formally annexedīy the Austro-Hungarians. Yugoslav, they're literally talking about Pushed out of the Balkans, it helped rekindle orīring about more hope of unifying the Yugoslavic And just as a littleīit more backdrop, as the Ottomans were being It since the late 1800s, since the Ottomans So just as a littleīit of backdrop, in 1908, the Austro-HungarianĮmpire formally annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina. Trigger for World War I, or the Great War, as it In all of world history that really was the To talk about one of the most famous events It's pretty fascinating how one conflict in the Balkans can fuel a global war. But since Britain had signed the 1939 London treaty with Belgium which was a treaty to protect Belgian sovereignty from an external aggressor, so they declared war on Germany and things went downward from there on. As SAM said, Germany had given a "blank-check" that they would show unconditional support to Austria regarding its actions toward Serbia, and Russia then mobilized to come to the aid of their Slavic brothers, which caused Germany to actually put that support to action and fulfill their own military interests in the west so they then invaded Belgium and through there attacked France, and they did so with something called the Schlieffen plan, a plan formed by German field marshal Alfred Von Schlieffen which was a plan formed in case they had a war with France(which they did) and the plan was to encircle France through Belgium and capture Paris within 6 weeks and then send those forces back to counter Russia whom they falsely assumed would take more than 6 weeks to mobilize. Goto Preferences → Appearance → Open theme folder and then paste the theme files here. Next, goto Prefrences → Markdown and check the following options Next, you have to go to Preferences → Images and use the following settings: Select Gitbook Slate and now you have the layout similar to this Once you have pasted the theme you will get the option in the dropdown menu in Preferences → Appearance. The last thing that you need to do now is to goto Format → Image → Check Use Image Root Path.įinally whenever you wish to add a new post, just open the root folder of your website from File → Open. With the support of VLOOK themes and plug-ins, you have a new understanding of the automatic typesetting capabilities of the Markdown editor (only Typora is currently supported). Root folder is the folder containing the index.markdown file.Ghostwriter is a simple, distraction-free editor for markdown. Thanks to mature web browsers, HTML/CSS, and JavaScript technologies, static documents can be 'moved' with you.
Reduce PDF size to make the file lighter.Extract pages from the PDF to create a new one.Add new blank pages at the place you set.Append pages from other PDF files to the existing one.Create PDFs from Word, Excel, PPT, Image, RTF & TXT.PDF to Word, Excel, PNG, JPG, RTF, TXT, HTML & XML conversions.Supports rename, delete, and expand/collapse bookmarks in PDF.Add bookmark at any place of PDF documents.View bookmarks in the PDF, and direct to the place of the bookmark easily.Save up to five signatures to use conveniently.Create signatures using trackpad, keyboard, or images.Customize stamps with different content and colors.Add built-in stamps, including Approved, Confidential, Final, and more.Insert stamps at the place you want in PDFs.Insert Text Boxes and Notes into PDF with the font size and color you like.Create rectangles, circles, lines, arrows & free hands with customized colors.Add Annotations by simply selecting texts in PDF.Markup texts in PDF with highlight, underline & strikethrough in user-defined colors.Search texts in PDFs rapidly and locate the texts precisely.Zoom in or out the PDF in a great range.View PDF in single-page or double-page display mode.PDFgear will be the only PDF solution for you, and it will make your study and work easier to carry out PDFs! The concise design brings users a satisfying experience, and the powerful performance makes the perfect document. PDFgear provides free use for all functions without any limits like trial watermark, page count, etc. PDFgear offers even more - merge and combine multiple documents, split PDF into several files, rotate page direction, add or delete pages, and even convert PDF to Word and many other formats. With practical functions like view, convert, form filling, and page reorganizing in PDFgear, the comprehensive PDF toolkit, users could handle their PDF files with more efficiency. PDFgear is a full-featured, easy-to-use, and free PDF Editor & PDF Reader. Will Brantley, Outdoor Life, 17 June 2019 Topped with a low-magnification scope or a peep sight, the Marlin 336C is ideal for hunting dark timber or from within the confines of a small blind. 2020 All bows were fitted with peep sights and D-loops, and each tester used his own arrows. Phil Bourjaily, Field & Stream, 29 Jan. 2020 With a fiber-optic front bead and a rear peep sight, as well as a rail for mounting an optic, this new 870 promises to be a terrific choice. 2021 Coming in at $449, fully dressed with a stabilizer, quiver, rest, sight, wrist sling and peep sight, the Diamond Edge 320 is a true value. 2021 The old rifle still shoots very well and its peep sight is great in the big woods. 3 ivory bead and a Lyman 1A peep sight dovetailed into the bolt plunger. 2023 The barrel has been cut down and re-crowned with a Marble’s No. 2022 The ghost ring, which Jeff Cooper loved and promoted, is nothing more than a peep sight with an oversized aperture. You may use a drop of Vibra-Tite VC 3 (#VC3), Teflon tape, bow wax, or any other non-permanent binding agent on the threads.Recent Examples on the Web His eye fixates on the small peep sight. If you hear a buzzing sound, this indicates a loose Aperture. This may loosen Verifiers, Clarifiers and Apertures over time.
LBB pacing was regarded unsuccessful if the abovementioned criteria could not be met. Although there is no validated cut-off yet, we regarded LVAT ≤ 90 ms as an indicator of LBB capture. LBB pacing was confirmed when the paced QRS morphology demonstrated either an RBB block morphology (QR or rSR’) or a QS pattern with narrow QRS (< 130 ms), and LVAT that shortened abruptly with increasing output or remained shortest and constant both at low and high outputs. We tested and recorded the left ventricular activation time (LVAT, measured as time interval from unipolar pacing spike to peak R wave at lead V5 or V6) at different outputs (usually at 1.5 V at 0.4 ms and at 5.0 V at 0.4 ms) on an electrophysiology recording system (Prucka Cardiolab, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisconsin). Only clockwise rotations were used as anticlockwise rotations were regarded as a risk factor for lead dislodgment, i.e. the pacing lead not being fixated by the screw and just lying in a drilled hole. The distance between the tip of the helix and the proximal end of the radiopaque marker was approximately 1 cm. Lead depth into the interventricular myocardium was approximated by the position of the proximal radiopaque marker relative to the end of the C135HIS introducer sheath positioned against the interventricular septum. Unipolar pacing was performed after every few rotations to assess the paced QRS morphology and pacing impedance until the paced QRS morphology resembled a right bundle branch (RBB) block or RBB conduction delay pattern in V1 (QR pattern), or QS pattern with a narrow QRS. Subsequently, the lead was advanced by further clockwise rotations into the septum under intermittent fluoroscopic guidance. Again, unipolar pacing was performed to confirm the presence of a good initial paced QRS morphology and to document the baseline pacing impedance. In left anterior oblique 30 degrees fluoroscopic projection, the sheath was positioned perpendicular to the interventricular septum by anticlockwise rotation of the sheath and the pacing lead was fixated in the septum with 2 to 3 quick clockwise rotations while lead tip and sheath remained co-axial during lead fixation. Using these criteria helped avoiding inadvertent lead fixation in the right ventricular outflow tract. 1 schematically indicates finding the optimal pacing site. Unipolar pace mapping through the tip of the lead at 5V was used to scan the right ventricular septum to find the optimal pacing site, i.e. (i) a paced ECG QRS morphology in lead V1 showing a “W” morphology with a mid-notch and/or (ii) the presence of inferior lead and aVR/aVL discordance (R wave in lead II taller than in lead III, or a negative aVR and positive aVL). After advancing the C315HIS sheath into the right ventricle, guided by an angled hydrophilic guidewire (Terumo Radifocus Guidewire M, 0.035″, 120 cm, Terumo Inc), the pacing lead was advanced through the sheath in right anterior oblique 20 degrees fluoroscopic projection. We based our technique on the descriptions by Huang. Patients with atypical RBBB, which is a pattern highly suggestive of concomitant delayed LV conduction, may show a satisfactory response to CRT.LBB pacing was performed using the SelectSecure Model 3830, 74 cm pacing lead (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN) and the C315HIS delivery sheath (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN). In the atypical and typical RBBB groups, respectively, 71.4% and 19.4% of patients were ESVi responders (P = 0.001) 74.3% and 32.3% were NYHA responders (P = 0.002) similarly, 71.4% and 29.0% of patients exhibited a 2-year Packer score of 0 (P = 0.002). The atypical RBBB group presented a longer LV activation time compared with the typical RBBB group (111.9 ± 17.6 vs. Responders were classified in terms of reduction in LV end-systolic volume index (ESVi) ≥ 15% or reduction in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class ≥ 1 or Packer score variation (NYHA response with no HF-related hospitalization events or death). The patients were divided electrocardiographically into 2 groups: 31 with typical RBBB and 35 with atypical RBBB. We evaluated the echocardiographic clinical response of 66 patients with RBBB treated with CRT and followed up for almost 2 years. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of RBBB ECG morphology on CRT response in patients with heart failure (HF). We therefore postulated that the ECG pattern of atypical RBBB might be able to identify a subgroup of patients likely to respond to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Such patients may show a specific electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern resembling RBBB in the precordial leads in association with an insignificant S-wave in lateral limb leads (atypical RBBB). However, some patients with RBBB develop concomitant delayed left ventricular (LV) activation. Right bundle branch block (RBBB) typically presents with only delayed right ventricular activation. |